Diyoptri Nedir : Gözlük camlarının kırma gücünde temel birim diyoptridir. D harfi ile gösterilir. Diyoptri olarak bir lensin gücü, fokus (odak)mesafesinin metre cinsinden tersine eşittir.
SFERİK LENSLER
Diyoptri aşağıdaki formül kullanılarak hesaplanır:
D = 1 / f(m
D = Diyoptri
f = Fokus mesafesi (odak uzaklığı)
ÖRNEK 1 : Odak uzaklığı 1 metre olan bir lensin diyoptri gücü nedir ?
D = 1/f = 1/1 (m) = 1.00 diyoptri
ÖRNEK 2 : Odak uzaklığı 40 cm olan bir lensin diyoptri gücü nedir ?
D = 1/f = 1/0,4 (m) = 2.50 diyoptri
PLAN SİLİNDİRİK LENSLER
Silindirik lensler teorik olarak silindir kesitinden elde edilirler. Bir plan silindirik lens bir meridyende güç ihtiva etmez, bu aks olarak bilinir. Aks a gelen ısınlar, aks da güç olmadığı için kırılmadan geçer. (sekiI6,1). Lens aks da plandır (0.00 D). Aks, reçete yazılırken referans meridyeni olarak kullanılır. (Başlangıç meridyeni) Aksa 90° dik meridyende güç maksimumdur, silindirin toplam gücüne eşittir. Aks a 90° dik meridyenle aks arasındaki meridyenlerde güç değişir. Akstan uzaklaştıkça lensin diyoptrik gücü her meridyende artar. Aksa dik meridyende maksimuma ulaşır ve aşağıdaki formüle göre hesaplanır:
D1 = DCYL x Sin2è
D1 = Silindirik diyoptri gücü istenen her hangi bir meridyen
DCYL = Silindirin toplam gücü
è = Silindirik gücü sorulan meridyenle aks arasındaki açı
Bu formülle bir plan silindirik lensin aks'a karşılıklı eşit uzaklıktaki beş meridyeninde gücü basitçe ve tam olarak hesaplanabilir.
1) Aks' ta güç yoktur, lens aks' ta plandır.
2) Aks 'a 30° karsılıklı eşit uzaklıktaki meridyenlerde güç lensin toplam gücünün 1/4 ü (dörtte biri) kadardır.
3) Aks' a 45° karşılıklı esit uzaklıktaki meridyenlerde güç lensin toplam gücünün 1/2 'si (yarısı) kadardır.
4) Aks'a 60° karşılıklı eşit uzaklıktaki meridyenlerde güç lensin toplam gücünün 3/4 ü (dörtte üçü) kadardır.
5) Aks'a 90° eşit (karşılıklı) eşit uzaklıktaki meridyenlerde güç lensin toplam gücüne esittir. Güç maksimumdur.
Örnek 1: Plan (-2.00) 180° de verilen bir lensin aşağıdaki meridyenlerdeki diyoptri gücünü bulunuz.
(a)180° (b) 30° (c)45° (d) 60° (e) 90°
ÇÖZÜM
D1 = DCYL x Sin2è
a) D1 = (-2.00).(Sin2 0°) = (-2.00).(0.00) = 0.00 D
b) D1 = (-2.00).( Sin2 30°) = (-2.00).(0.25) = -0.50 D
c) D1 = (-2.00).( Sin2 45°) = (-2.00).(0.50) = -1.00 D
d) D1 = (-2.00).( Sin2 60°) = (-2.00).(0.75) = -1.50 D
e) D1 = (-2.00).( Sin2 90°) = (-2.00).(1.00) = -2.00 D
Örnek 2: (+1.00) silindirik 90° de verilen bir lensin aşağıdaki meridyenlerdeki gücünü bulunuz.
(a) 90° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 30° (e) 180°
Aksa karşılıklı eşit 30°, 45°, 60°, 90° uzaklıktaki meridyenlerde güç basitçe ve tam olarak bulunabilir.
a) Aks da güç yoktur. Lens plandır. 90° meridyende Silindirik gücü sorulan meridyenle aks arasındaki açı sıfırdır.
b) Akstan 30° uzaktaki, 60°lik meridyende lensin toplan gücünün 1/4 kadar; (+ 0.25) Diyoptridir.
c) Akstan 45° uzaktaki, 45°lik meridyende lensin toplam gücünün 1/2 kadar; (+0.50) Diyoptridir.
d) Akstan 60° uzaklıktaki, 30°Iik meridyende lensin toplam gücünün 3/4 ü kadar; (+0.75) diyoptridir.
e) Akstan 90° uzaklıktaki 180°lik meridyende lensin toplam gücüne eşittir; (+1.00) Diyoptridir.
SİFEROSİLİNDİRİK (SPHCYL) LENSLERİN MERİDYENLERDEKİ DİYOPTRIK GÜCÜ
Spherosilindirik camlar küre ile silindir kesitinin kombinasyonundan elde edilir. Sferik lenslerin bütün meridyenlerdeki gücü aynıdır. Bu nedenle sferik güç aynen alınır. Silindirik lensin istenen meridyendeki gücü ile toplanır ve meridyendeki toplam güç bulunur. Sferosilindirik lensin her hangi bir meridyendeki diyoptri gücü aşağıdaki formülle hesaplanır.
D1=Dsph + Dcyl x (Sin2 è)
Örnek : (+3.00)(+1.00) 90° lensin aşağıdaki meridyenlerdeki gücünü bulunuz.
(a) 90° (b)60° (c)60° (d)30° (e)180°
ÇÖZÜM
D1=Dsph + Dcyl x (Sin2 è)
a) D1= (+3.00) + (+1.00).(Sin20°) = +3.00 D
b) D1= (+3.00) + (+1.00).(Sin230°) = +3.25 D
c) D1= (+3.00) + (+1.00).(Sin245°) = +3.50 D
d) D1 = (+3.00) + (+1.00).(Sin260°) = +3.75 D
e) D1 = (+3.00) + (+1.00).(Sin290°) = +4.00 D
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